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Objective To investigate the rationality of antibiotic use in Chongqing before and after intervention and its inter vention effect.Methods 16 200 cases,54 000 outpatient prescriptions and annual average antimicrobial consumption in 2011 from Chongqing sub network of Health and Family Planning Commission antibacterial drug monitoring network were selected as control group;48 600 cases,162 000 outpatient prescriptions and annual average antimicrobial consumption from 2012 to 2014 were selected as intervention group.The use rate of antimicrobial agents in outpatients,the intensity of antimicrobial use in hospitalized patients,the percentage of antimicrobial use in hospitalized patients,the average number of antimicrobial use in hospitalized patients,the combined use of antibiotics and other antimicrobial agents in hospitalized patients were retrospectively studies.Results Except for the utilization rate of antibiotics in the outpatients and the density of antimicrobial agents in hospitalized patients,the utilization rate of antibiotics in the hospitalized patients,the microbiology inspection rate of application of antibiotics in non surgical treatment (％),the average use days of antibiotics in the hospitalized patients(days) and the combination rate of antibiotics in the hospitalized patients from 2012 to 2014 (after intervention) had significant impact in comparison with 2011 (before intervention).Conclusion Through the clinical pharmacistes' participating in the intervention in reasonable use of antibiotics and a variety of powerful intervention measures,the rationality of antibiotic use is feasible.
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Objective To investigate the feasibility of macrophages as cell carriers to deliver floate modified oxygen loaded ultrasound contrast agent . Methods The phagocytic activity of macrophages was analyzed by ink phagocytose test , and the expression of folate recepters ( FRs ) on macrophages cell membrane surface was tested by immunofluofluorescence assay . Oxygen/paclitaxel loaded lipid microbubbles( OPLMB) and folate‐targeted OPLMB ( TOPLMB) were synthesized by mechanical shock method and incubated with macrophages in vitro . According to different treatment conditions ,the cells were divided into three groups:group A ( OPLMB) ,group B ( free folic acid + TOPLMB) and group C ( TOPLMB) , the fluorescence intensity of the cells were observed under fluorescence microscope ,and the phagocytic percentage and the phagocytic index of macrophages uptake OPLMB and TOPLMB were observed by bright field microscope . Results The phagocytic percentage of macrophages phagocytose ink was (99 .3 ± 1 .0)% ,FRs was highly expressed on macrophages cultured in vitro . After incubation for 30 minutes ,the fluorescence intensity of group C was significantly higher than those of A and B ,the phagocytic percentage in three groups were (19 .5 ± 0 .2)% ,(21 .0 ± 0 .2)% and (81 .2 ± 10 .0)% respetively . The phagocytic percentage of group C were significantly higher than those in group A and group B ( P <0 .05) . Conclusions Macrophages cultured in vitro possess highly phagocytic activity and these cells highly express FRs ,and can be used as cell carriers to deliver floate modified oxygen loaded multimodality ultrasound contrast agent .
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Objective To investigate the effect of Nestin gene silencing on the proliferation of human esophageal cancer ECA109 cells and possible mechanism .Methods Lenti-Nestin was constructed and transfected into ECA109 cells to establish a stable Nestin-silencing cell line Lenti-Nestin.Blank group , scrambled group , Lenti-Nestin group were set up .The expressions of Nestin , c-myc and cyclin D1 mRNA and protein levels were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot .The cell proliferation was analyzed by CCK 8 assay .Results The stable Nestin-si-lencing cell line was successfully established .The expression of Nestin mRNA ( P<0.01 ) and protein ( P<0.05 ) levels were reduced significantly and the downregulation evidently suppressed cell proliferation ( P<0.01 ) and col-ony forming capacity ( P<0.05 ) compare with the scrambled group and blank group .However ,The c-myc and cy-clin D1 expression levels in ECA 109 cells in Lenti-Nestin group were significantly lower than that of scrambled group and blank group ( P<0.05 ) .Conclusions Knockdown Nestin expression significantly inhibits the level of esophageal cancer ECA109 cells proliferation,which may act via influencing the expression of c-myc, cyclin D1.
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OBJECTIVE:To explore the role of clinical pharmacists in cancer pain management. METHODS:The cases were presented to investigate the content and method of clinical pharmacists participating in cancer pain management. RESULTS:The clinical pharmacists could provide professional analgesic recommendations and participated in the formulation of individual analge-sic plan. By carrying out pharmaceutical care and patient education,clinical pharmacists could find potential medication risk,cor-rected medication errors and improved patient compliance. By carrying out patient family members training,clinical pharmacists could help to strengthen patient support system and improve cancer pain management effectiveness. CONCLUSIONS:Clinical phar-macists participating in cancer pain management can promote rational use of analgesics,guarantee the safety of drug use,and im-prove cancer pain management.
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Objective To investigate prophylactic application of antibacterial agents in perioperative period of vascular interven‐tional surgery in our hospital before and after intervention ,and to evaluate the effects of intervention measures .Methods One hun‐dred cases from March to May 2011 were selected as non‐intervention group ,and 100 cases from March to May 2012 after interven‐tion were selected as intervention group .Analysis was conducted on medical information of two groups by questionnaire about their antibiotic drugs use .we evaluated the the percentage of antimicrobial application ,drugs choice ,initial time of medicine treatment ,the course of medication and so on .Results The rational rate of antibacterial use increased from 6% (before intervention) to 99% (af‐ter intervention) (P<0 .01) .The rationality was improved significantly in respect of initial time of medicine treatment ,antibacterial agents and the course of medication .the percentage of antimicrobial application ,cost of antibacterials and the value of antibiotics use density (AUD) were decreased significantly .Conclusion The intervention of our hospital is feasible and effective ,and could signifi‐cantly improve the perioperative antibacterial application .
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Objective To investigate the feasibility and parameters for macrophage uptake oxygen and paclitaxel loaded lipid microbubbles (OPLMBs) in vitro.Methods OPLMBs were synthesized by mechanical vibration method and incubated with macrophages in different conditions in vitro.The ratio of macrophages uptake OPLMBs was observed by bright field microscope.Results The ratio of macrophages uptake OPLMBs was closely related to the size,concentration as well as the incubation time of OPLMBs with the macrophage.The ratio of macrophages uptake OPLMBs had a reverse relationship with the size of microbubbles.The highest rate of macrophages uptake OPLMBs was (18.9 ± 0.69)％ when the ratio of macrophages to microbubbles was 1 to 10,the time for macrophages co-incubation with microbubbles was 30 min,which was the suitable condition for macrophages uptake OPLMBs.Conclusions OPLMBs can be phagocytized successfully by macrophages in vitro.The size,concentration as well as the incubation time of OPLMBs with the macrophages are important parameters contributed to the efficiency of macrophage phagocytosis.
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Objective: To explore the protective effect of Shenmai lyophilized preparation (SMP, 参麦冻干剂) on acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in cats. Methods: AMI cat model was induced by ligation of the left coronary artery for 4 hours. Cats were randomly divided into five groups: AMI group (4 ml/kg of normal saline ), large dose SMP group (1.76 g/kg), small dose SMP group (0.88 g/kg), Shenmai injection (参麦注射液) group (0.88 g/kg) and nitroglycerine group (0.44 mg/kg). Drugs were given 5 minutes after the left coronary artery ligation. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and ventricle cardiac arrhythmia were monitored by multichannel biological signal analytical system. MultiCD*2lead ?ST on chest was recorded by cardiofax after myocardial ischemia for 4 hours, the area of AMI was measured by dyes with triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC). Changes of creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in serum were assayed by colorimetric assay. Results: SMP at the dosage of 0.88 and 1.76 g/kg increased MAP, decreased ?ST and incidence of ventricle cardiac arrhythmia in cats with AMI, shrank the area of AMI and decreased the LDH content and CK activity in serum, respectively compared to the AMI group, the differences being significant in the aboveCD*2mentioned parameters (P
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Aim To study the protective effects of sodium magnesium fructose diphosphate (FDPM) on the kidney in hemorrhagic shock rats. Methods The study utilized Wiggers hemorrhagic shock model. Sixty Wistar rats were divided into six groups randomly: normal saline control group,three doses of FDPM group (90.0,45.0,22.5 mg?kg -1 ),1,6-fructose diphosphate group(37.5 mg?kg -1 ) and magnesium sulfate group (3.4 mg?kg -1 ). Mean arterial pressure was monitored before shock, 10, 30 and 60 minuts after drug administration and 0, 30 and 60 minuts after shed blood reinfusion Blood urea nitrogen and creatinine, the content of malondiadehyde, and the activity of Na+-K+-ATPase, Ca 2+ -ATPase, Mg 2+ -ATPase, and superoxide dismutase in kidney were also measured. Results FDPM significantly improved mean arterial blood pressure of hemorrhagic shock rats, reduced blood urea nitrogen and creatinine, decreased the content of malondiadehyde and increased the activity of Na+,K+-ATPase,Ca 2+ -ATPase,Mg 2+ -ATPase and superoxide dismutase in kidney. Conclusion FDPM had protective effects on the ischemia-hypoxia injury of kidney by improving energy metabolism and attenuating tissue injury caused by free radicals in hemorrhagic shock.
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OBJECTIVE: To study the bioequivalence of Bei Shi metformin hydrochloride(METBS) and Bo Lai metformin hyddrochloride tablets(METBL) in healthy volunteers.METHODS: A single oral dose of 1 OOOmg METBS and METBL were given to 20 healthy volunteers in an open randomized crossover study.Drug concentrations in serum were determined by HPLC.The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated and analysed by 3p97 program with a statistic analysis of ANOVA, two-one-side t - test and confidence zone of (la-2a)% .RESULTS: The Tmax, Cmax and AUC(10-24) of METBS tables and METBL tables were (2.42 + 1.03) h and (2.50+1.08) h, (2.22+0.69) ug/ml and (2.1210.47) ug/ml, (16.491 5.70) mg/ (h . L) and (16.98 + 6.38) mg/ (h . L), respectively.There were no significant differences between the two formulations in the Tmax, Cmax and AUC (0-24).CONCLUSION: The mean relative bioavailability of METBS tables was(98.29 + 11.98) % compared with METBL tables.The RESULTS: suggest that two products are bioequivalent.
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OBJECTIVE:To study the pharmacodynamic effects of Yemazhui METHODS:Experiments were carried out with conventional cough and asthma models of mouse or guineapig and in vitro antibacterial test RESULTS:Intragastric administration of extracts of Yemazhui to mice,in dosages of 45 1g herb/kg,22 6g herb/kg and 11 3g herb/kg,could exert obvious antitussive,expectorant and antiasthmatic effects and the extract could inhibit common pathogenic bacteria CONCLUSI_ON:Extract of Yemazhui has antitussive,antiasthmatic and expectorant actions
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OBJECTIVE:To explore the protective effect of the extracts from Radix et Rhizoma Rhei and Alisma orientalis against acute kidney injury induced by diethylene glycol (DEG) and its action mechanism. METHODS: The acute kidney injury model of mice was induced by intragastric administration of DEG. Then the model mice were administered intragastrically with the extracts of Radix et Rhizoma Rhei and Alisma orientalis. Serum levels of creatinine(Cr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-PX) and the content of malonaldehyde(MDA) were determined. RESULTS: After administration of DEG, the mice presents with obvious toxic reactions including the increase of the ratio of kidney to body weight, the increase of serum levels of BUN and Cr, the decrease of the activities of SOD and GSH-PX in kidney tissue, the increase of the content of MDA. However, after treatment with the extracts of Radix et Rhizoma Rhei and Alisma orientalis, the toxic symptoms in mice were attenuated markedly, the ratio of kidney to body weight decreased, serum levels of BUN and Cr decreased significantly, the activities of SOD and GSH-PX in renal tissues increased and the content of MDA decreased. CONCLUSION: The remarkable protective effect of the extracts from Radix et Rhizoma Rhei and Alisma orientalis against DEG-induced acute kidney injury in mice might be related to its actions of improving the activity of antioxidase of kidney while inhibiting lipid peroxidation.
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OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether sodium magnesium fructose diphosphate(SM) could raise the contents of energy sustrates-ATP, ADP and AMP in the tissues of acute myocardial infarction.METHODS: 60 rat models of acute myocardial infarction were randomly divided into 6 groups(n = 10): Treatment groups(A, B, C) received SM(75mg/kg, 38mg/kg and 19mg/kg) in saline sulution respectively, and control groups (D, E) received 1,6 - fructose diphosphate (200mg/kg) or magnesium sulfate(10mg/kg), another control(F) received same volume of saline.Four hours after administration, the levels of ATP,ADP and AMP in the myocardial homogenate were determined by HPLC.RESULTS:The levels of ATP, ADP and AMP of treatment groups(A, B, C) were (612.8± 103.2)、 (538.0± 141.2) and (325.2± 113.2) nmol/g; (407.6± 113.4)、 (389.4±91.5)、 (306.1 ± 134.6) nmol/g and ( 1 637.6 ± 236.8)、 (1 366.8± 279.3)、 ( 1 186.1 ± 341.1) nmol/g; while those of control groups(F) were (119.0± 22.8)、 (146.5± 36.8)、 (436.7± 214.9) nmol/g, respectively(P＜ 0.01 of 0.05) .CONCLUSION: SM can raise the contents of energy substrates- ATP,ADP and AMP in the tissues of acute myocardial infarction.
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OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether sodium magnesium fructose diphosphate(SM) could raise the contents of energy sustrates-ATP, ADP and AMP in the tissues of acute myocardial infarction.METHODS: 60 rat models of acute my-ocardial infarction were randomly divided into 6 groups(n = 10): Treatment groups( A, B, C) received SM(75mg/kg, 38mg/kg and 19mg/kg) in saline sulution respectively,and control groups(D.E) received 1,6-fructose diphosphate(200mg/kg) or mag-nesium sulfate( l0mg/kg) ,another control(F) received same volume of saline.Four hours after administration, the levels of AT-P.ADP and AMP in the myocardial homogenate were determined by HPLC.RESULTS:The levels of ATP, ADP and AMP of treatment groups(A, B, C) were (612.8? 103.2), (538.0??141.2) and (325.2 ? 113.2) nmol/g; (407.6?113.4), (389.4 ? 91.5), (306.1??34.6) nmol/g and (1 637.6? 236.8), (1 366.8??279.3), (1 186.1 ??341.1) nmol/g; while those of control groups(F) were (119.0 ? 22.8), (146.5??36.8) , (436.7 ? 214.9) nmol/g, respectively(P
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Objective:To explore protective effect of extract from rhubarb and alismae rhizome on acute liver injury induced by diethylene glycol(DEG)and its mechanism.Methods:Animal model of acute liver injury induced by DEG(18.7 ml/kg)was applied to investigate the protective effect of extract from rhubarb and alismae rhizome.Mice were administered intragastrically with n-butanol extract from rhubarb 0.8 and 0.4 g/kg,aqueous extract from rhubarb 0.8 and 0.4 g/kg and ethanol extract from alismae rhizome 3.6 and 1.8 g/kg for 4 days,respectively.DEG(18.7 ml/kg)was administered intragastrically to the mice 1 hour before extract from rhubarb and alismae rhizome administration on day 5.The manifestation of the poisoned mice were observed,the serum was prepared and the mice were then sacrificed after ig DEG for 24 h.The contents of ALT,AST and TBIL in serum of mice were assayed,and the liver tissues were collected and the ho-mogenate was prepared,the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-PX)and the contents of malon-aldehyde(MDA)in liver homogenate were also detected.Results:After the administration of DEG,the poisoned manifestations of the mice were obviously visible,the ratio of liver to body weight increased,the contents of ALT,AST and TBIL in serum significantly in-creased,the activities of SOD and GSH-PX in liver homogenate decreased,and the contents of MDA in liver homogenate increased.Com-pared with that in DEG model group,in extract from rhubarb and alismae rhizome treatment groups,the poisoned manifestations were ob-viously relieved,the ratio of liver to body weight decreased,the contents of ALT and AST and TBIL significantly lowered,the activities of SOD and GSH-PX were also markedly improved and the contents of MDA significantly decreased.Conclusion:DEG can obviously dam-age liver,but extracts from rhubarb and alismae rhizome have an obvious protective effect against DEG-induced acute liver injury,and the protection role is related to the improvement of antioxidation enzyme activities and suppression of lipid peroxidation.